Pneumothorax

Overview

Pneumothorax (or a 'collapsed lung') occurs when air leaks into the space between the lungs and chest wall. This cavity is formed by the two layers of the sac surrounding each lung (the 'pleura'). The lung can no longer expand and collapses partially or completely. Symptoms include sudden chest pain and shortness of breath. It’s a good idea to consult a doctor immediately.

Symptoms

Main symptoms

• Shortness of breath
• Sudden stabbing pain in the chest

Other symptoms

• Tickly cough
• Rapid breathing
• Bluish lips
• Anxiety, panic

Complications

• Accumulation of blood or pus in the pleural space between the lung and chest wall
• In the worst case, this can lead to cardiovascular failure
  

Causes and treatment

Causes

The two layers of the pleura cover the lung and promote smooth inhalation and exhalation. The lung collapses if air enters the cavity between these two layers. It may be caused by:

• Chest injuries (e.g. after a rib fracture)
• Complications of a medical procedure
• Spontaneous pneumothorax without external trauma (e.g. due to COPD or asthma but also without a recognisable cause)

Further treatment by your doctor / in hospital

Possible tests

• X-ray

Possible therapies

• Painkillers
• Draining of the excess air by inserting a plastic tube between the layers of the pleura
• Surgery (very rarely)
  

What can I do myself?

• Stop smoking

When to see a doctor?

• Sudden onset of chest pain and shortness of breath
• First time you cough up blood