Restless legs syndrome

1 May 2021 | 5 Min. Reading Time

Overview

Restless legs syndrome is characterised by an overwhelming, irresistible urge to move the legs, combined with sensory disturbances. The urge to move the legs typically happens in the evening and when the affected person is sitting quietly or lying down. Restless legs often occur in families. Relieving measures include massages, sleep hygiene and the avoidance of caffeine.

Symptoms

Worsening of symptoms
- In the evening and at night
- While at rest
Urge to move
- Sitting or lying
- While falling asleep
- In the feet and legs, more seldom in the arms
- “Crawling in the legs”
Sensory disturbances
- Tingling
- Itching
- Burning, pain
Problems sleeping through the night
Chronic fatigue
Movement control by getting up frequently and walking around

Causes and treatment

Causes

Family history
Genetic predisposition and interaction with environmental factors
Secondary restless legs syndrome
- Accompanying symptom of diabetes, kidney function disturbances, nervous diseases
- Pregnancy
- Medication for depression or anxiety disorders
- Magnesium or iron deficiency

Further treatment by your doctor / in hospital

Possible tests

Diagnosis is based on symptoms
Questionnaire
Neurological examination
Blood test
Sleep laboratory

Possible therapies

Medication (dopamine, benzodiazepines, opiates)
Stopping medication that worsens/triggers the condition, if necessary
Treatment of a mineral deficiency, if any (iron, magnesium)
Treatment of an underlying disease, if any

What can I do myself?

Movement to provide relief
Massages (e.g. calves, legs)
Cold or hot baths
Dietary change
- E.g. stop using caffeine (coffee)
Sleep hygiene
- Fixed times for going to bed and getting up
- No shift work

When to see a doctor?

Sleep disorders/problems
Urge to move when resting/lying down
Symptoms cause severe psychological strain
- Fatigue
- Reduced concentration
- Irritability
- Depression